The architecture of the oil palm, lacking axillary shoots, does not allow for vegetative propagation. Tissue culture is an efficient way to increase yield of plants. Coconut tissue culturists were initially interested in the use of immature coconut inflorescences as explants because they contain meristematic tissue, which was encouraged to form callus tissue with the addition of an auxin to the culture medium. Regeneration of in vitro shoot and root structure through. To avoid contamination from explants before being used in plant tissue culture, different.
This chapter discusses vegetative propagation of cross. Modifications of new cells to form tissues or organs with a specific function. Tissue culture and genetic engineering of oil palm. Pdf development of simple sequence repeat ssr markers. Fairhurst mass reproduction of high yielding palms is a major objective of oil palm tissue culturists. Finding the balance between mass propagation and somaclonal variation article pdf available in frontiers in plant science 10 june 2019 with 192 reads.
The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia study oil palm. Immature inflorescences of oil palm elaeis guineensis var. Mass production of selected, highyielding palms by tissue culture could raise yields on existing plantations, reducing the need for further expansion of the cultivated area, which is often. Comparative performance of two oil palm varieties deli x avros and deli x ghana planted at different densities in two locations. Blake j 1983 tissue culture propagation of coconut, date and oil palm. The oil palm fruit mantled abnormality is a somaclonal variant arising from tissue culture that drastically reduces yield, and has largely halted efforts to clone elite hybrids for oil.
As such, any tool that speeds up its genetic improvement process, such as markerassisted breeding is invaluable. This has brought about interest in vegetative propagation of oil palm. Beyond the laboratory, managing the delivery of 1 million ramets. After 23 months of culture, a hard yellow callus proliferated at the base of the shootlike structures.
In the nature, the seeds have a relative dormancy leading to very long germination process 1 to 3. The government will continue to collaborate with industry and relevant international organisations, for example, roundtable on sustainable palm oil, and other stakeholders, to develop best practices for the sustainable production of palm oil. The successive stages of the cloning process are described. Oil palm tissue culture is subjected to indirect embryogenesis which involves five stages including mother palm selection and preparation, establishing an aseptic culture, multiplication of suitable propagules, formation of shoots and roots, and transfer to. Staritsky g 1970 tissue culture of the oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. Tissue culture propagation of coconut, date and oil palm. Abstract planting clones seems to be the best approach to higher yield. Univanich dxp hybrid seeds are currently exported to growers in more than fifteen countries.
However, genetic improvement of oil palm through conventional breeding is extremely slow and costly, as the breeding cycle can take up to 10 years. Of course molecular markers is one of them, genetic transformation of oil palm will very likely be a useful tool and tissue culture can help a lot in order to take advantage of exceptional genotypes. Oil palm genome sequence reveals divergence of interfertile. It also includes several topics related to oil palm genomics, tissue culture and genetic engineering of oil palm.
Experimental cultivation of oil palm cells the oil palm cell line e90l1 was provided by the malaysian palm oil board mpob bangi, malaysia. Maltose has demonstrated that phenolic secretion prob. Introduction malaysian palm oil board is producing clonal planting materials by using tissue culture system. It must produce healthy seedlings having the potential for sus.
Oil palm papers, n 37, 2012 oil palm compact clones. Production costs tissue culture of palms is generally timeconsuming and the biological events. Suspension culture technology is touted to improve oil palm tissue culture efficiency significantly. Tissue culture of the oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. Screening sterilizing agents and antibiotics for the. Oil palm based industrypromoting palm oil based products as derived from sustainable development. This will be useful not only as a system for micropropagation of uniform and elite stocks, but also for in vitro conservation and genetic transformation with improved characteristics.
The univanich oil palm research center, in krabi province, is thailands main centre for oil palm agronomic research, advanced palm breeding and oil palm tissue culture. Paper open access the evaluation of sterilization protocol. Strategies to develop oil palm clones for latin american. Embryos culture browning occurring in tissue culture of coconut zygotic embryos restrained the induction and growth of callus and the process of regeneration. Immature inflorescences from mature palms could be excised nondestructively from the palms rillo. In order to obtain an understanding of the genes expressed during the oil palm tissue culture, a large set of oil palm ests was generated from three major stages in the development of oil palm tissue culture.
Beyond the laboratory, managing the delivery of 1 million ramets pose several challenges. Mpob tissue culturists have innovated many systems and equipment to improve the tissue culture system for oil palm, which could be applied to other plants as well. Oil palm is an important perennial oil crop with an extremely long selection cycle of 10 to 12 years. The tissue culture laboratory provides the oil palm industry with innovations for the production of improved planting materials and information on the molecular biology of tissue culture processes.
Integrated sensors for smart oil palm biolaboratory. Tissue culture protocol for propagation of coconut via. Micropropagation, which is a form of tissue culture, increases the amount of planting material to facilitate distribution and large scale planting. Early in the development of oil palm tissue culture technology, long time intervals of 35 years between ortet sampling and ramet deployment were cited as constraints to industrial utility of tissue culture in general plantation management. This can be proven by the fact that production from tissue culture is 30 % higher than commercial plant dura a pisifera dap in the field 1. Development of simple sequence repeat ssr markers for oil palm and their application in genetic mapping and fingerprinting of tissue culture clones. The efforts in oil palm genetic engineering are thus not targeted as commodity palm oil.
Plant tissue culture terminology differentiatedcells that maintain, in culture, all or much of the specialized structure and function typical of the cell type in vivo. Foundation for high production mexico better crops international vol. Although it is planted on only 5% of the total world vegetable oil acreage, palm oil accounts for 33% of vegetable oil and 45% of edible oil. Explant tissue taken from its original site and transferred to an artificial medium. Variability in inflorescence and offshoot productions of date palm clones derived from tissue culture, presented as oral contribution in the conference new prospects for science and education in the mena region, march, 911, 2012, marrakech, mrocco. Unlike other crops, oil palm tissue culture is a very slow process. Developing plantlets from tissue of selected tenerapalms is seen as the most promising technique towards more uniformity and higher efficiency in oil palm. In coconut tissue culture, explants browning and subsequent explants death was the first issue need to be overcome. Experiments with the oil palm had some promising results, viz th. The tissue culture laboratory provides the oil palm industry with innovations for. Yes, coconut tissue culture is a very long process because response in vitro in very variable and slow, maybe because coconut is a long term crop and so research. The analysis of this est collection allowed for the identification of candidate genes, which are relevant in somatic embryogenesis. Seed propagation, offshoot propagation traditional methods, and the recently developed tissue culture techniques.
High efficiency vegetative amplification a new oil palm. Micropropagation of embryogenic callus of oil palm elaeis. The development of an efficient oil palm micropropagation protocol is needed to keep up with the increasing demand for palm oil in a. The oil palm tissue culture methodology technology developed at directorate of oil palm research dopr. Somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescences of oil palm. Tarmizi, a h and rajinder, s malays an palm o l board, p. Soil nutrients dynamics and palm growth performance in relation to residue management practices following replanting of oil palm plantations. Oil palm, a monocot, is structurally similar to sugar cane in the sense that they both possess a hard peripheral layer enclosing a central region consisting of fiber bundles embedded in a parenchymatous tissue khoo et al. Application of spectroscopic methods for the automation of oil palm culture 3 of developing an automated, nondestructive technique for moving and sorting oil palm cells. The medium used was ms composition was supplemented with vitamins, myoinositol and sucrose, and the ph was set at 5. Pisifera were inoculated onto modified ms medium containing 0. The effects of different concentrations of naa on oil palm. Since the introduction of oil palm tissue culture in the 1970s, clonal.
The effects of different concentrations of naa on oil palm elaeis. Previously, genetic linkage maps based on aflp, rflp and ssr markers were developed and qtls for fatty acid composition and yield components identified. Alert system in oil palm tissue culture laboratory via sms. The high incidence of phenolic oxidation required the use of increased levels of activated charcoal 0. The demand for oil palm tissue culture seedlings is on the increase. Tissue culture is seen as an important technology for developing countries for the production of diseasefree, high quality planting material and the rapid production of many uniform plants. Unlike other vegetable oil, palm oil also contains almost equal quantities of saturated palmitic 45% and stearic acid 4% and unsaturated acids oleic 40% and linoleic acid 10%. The scalingup of the tissue culture process at various locations with different partners has revealed almost everywhere the same difficulties. Multiplication of oil palm liquid cultures in bioreactors 45 materials and methods plant materials the cultures used were an embryogenic suspension with palm, ortet 0. Plantation establishment expansion project massive plantation establishment and expansion to address shortage of palm oil. A preliminary study on some physiological and anatomical changes during acclimatization of ramets abstract paula gadea, carlos chinchilla, wagner rodriguez 1 2 3 some physiological parameters relative water content, photosynthetic and transpi. Pedavegi has been licensed to three companies namely ms bejo sheetal bioscience foundation, jalna, maharashtra, mis vijaya phyto farms pvt.
Pdf progress of oil palm tissue culture in felda and its. Coconut and oil palms can be vegetatively propagated by tissue culture in vitro culture. Journal of oil palm research special issue on malaysiamit biotechnology partnership programme. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia an assessment based on a case study in sabah state awang ali bema dayang norwana rejani kunjappan melissa chin. The development of an efficient oil palm micropropagation protocol is needed to keep up with the increasing demand for palm oil in a sustainable way. Introduction microprogation of oil palm through tissue culture tends to increase the oil production. Isolation and characterization of eggst, a glutathione s. Vegetative propagation and biotechnology the oil palm. Ranking parents by best linear unbraised prediction blup breeding values in oil palm. The use of oil palm as a source of explants material for the production of clean in vitro plantlets to meet the demand, presents a major challenge of endophytic bacterial contamination. Pdf progress of oil palm tissue culture in felda and its challenges. See presentation date palm clones as pdf file date palm phoenix dactylifera l. The formation of callus and somatic embryos remains one of the major bottlenecks in oil palm tissue culture.
Malaysian palm oil board is producing clonal planting materials by using tissue culture system. Red ring and other diseases of the oil palm in central and south america. Banana tissue culture information guide for beginners agri. The experience in the oil palm tissue culture makes coconut tissue culturists doubly cautious in claiming success until proven in the field planted clones. Dec 26, 2019 palm oil is distinguished from other oil by its high level of palmitic acid c16. Tissue culture derived plants of oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. Plant materials used were plumulae and radicle from sprouts of the d x p sriwijaya variety obtained from seed processing unit pt binasawit makmur, palembang. Management of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in mature oil palm phosphorus function phosphorus p is an essential element for plant growth and is particularly important for root growth during the establishment and early growth stages. Oil palm tissue culture is subjected to indirect embryogenesis which involves five stages including. Due to the long life cycle of the palm and the time taken to regenerate plants in tissue culture, it is envisaged that commercial planting of transgenic palms will not occur any earlier than the year 2020. The primary aim of this study is to develop an efficient tissue culture system for coconut via somatic embryogenesis of plumule shoot tip explants. The application of tissue culture techniques for date palm, also called in vitro propagation, has many advantages in comparison to the two traditional techniques seed and offshoots propagation and enables the following. This method of cultivation or production ensures not only higher yields but quality. Jul 24, 20 oil palm is the most productive oil bearing crop.
Production, processing, characterization, and uses serves as a rich source of information on the production, processing, characterization and utilization of palm oil and its components. The tissue culture laboratory provides the oil palm industry with innovations for the production of improved. Propagation of healthy selected female cultivars disease and pestfree, bayoud resistant cultivars, or males having. Tissue culture is the in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs or whole plant. Problems have generally occurred in two major fields. Productivity enhancement for the future malaysia by e. Loss of karma transposon methylation underlies the mantled. Tissue culture symposium on recent developments in oil palm tissue culture and biotechnology, international society of oil palm breeders, selangor. Management of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in.
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